Noble birth: He comes from an aristocratic background, possibly royalty
Respect and Honor: Through his deeds, he earns a position of respect and honor.
Fatal Flaw (hamartia): He makes an error in judgement, usually involving an excess of something.
Causes Suffering: Because of his own error in judgement, he causes suffering among his people, even his own family.
Suffers himself: He eventually suffers because of his poor judgement and choices.
Recognition (anagmorisis): He recognizes and acknowledges his error.
Reversal of Fortune (peripiteia): His situation changes; he realizes that it's too late to change. He cannot reverse the damage that he has done.
Unhappy (tragic) ending (catastrophe): Sometimes called a denouement.
Hubris: overweening pride which results in misfortune for the protagonist. In Macbeth, excessive ambition is a good example of hubris.
Catharsis: The spectators, through vicariously participating in the actions of the protagonist, learn through effects upon them of far and pity that the evil emotions or mistakes of the hero are destructive, and thereby learn to avoid them in their own lives.